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Martin v. Ohio, 480 U.S. 228 (1987), is a criminal case in which the United States Supreme Court held that the presumption of innocence requiring prosecution to prove each element of a crime beyond a reasonable doubt only applies to elements of the offense, and does not extend to the defense of justification, whereby states could legislate a burden on the defense to prove justification.
Martin v. Ziherl, 607 S.E.2d 367 (Va. 2005). The Supreme Court of Virginia rules that the state criminal prohibition of sex between unmarried individuals (fornication) is unconstitutional in light of Lawrence v. Texas. Nitke v. Gonzales, (a case involving Barbara Nitke and the National Coalition for Sexual Freedom regarding internet obscenity)
State of Florida v. George Zimmerman was a criminal prosecution of George Zimmerman on the charge of second-degree murder stemming from the killing of Trayvon Martin on February 26, 2012. On April 11, 2012, George Zimmerman, a Hispanic, was charged with second-degree murder in the shooting death of Trayvon Martin, a Black teenager.
A defendant facing the death penalty may challenge for cause a prospective juror who would automatically vote to impose the death penalty in every case Georgia v. McCollum: 505 U.S. 42 (1992) standard on peremptory challenges from Batson v. Kentucky applied to criminal defendant Gade v. National Solid Wastes Management Association: 505 U.S. 88 ...
Justification and excuse are different defenses in a United States criminal case. [1]: 513 Both defenses admit that the defendant committed an act proscribed by law.[1]: 513 The proscribed act has justification if the act had positive effects that outweigh its negative effects, or is not wrong or blameworthy.
Martin v. Struthers, 319 U.S. 141 (1943), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a law prohibiting the distribution of handbills from door to door violated the First Amendment rights of a Jehovah's Witness, specifically their freedom of speech. The ruling was 5-4 and deemed trespassing laws a better fit for the town ...
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This problem prompted the state government to reintroduce the electric chair and passed new legislation of firing squad executions as the alternative execution methods in case the option of lethal injection was unavailable. [24] Eventually, the state successfully procured new drugs in September 2023 to restart executions by lethal injection. [25]