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  2. Carbocation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbocation

    A carbocation is an ion with a positively charged carbon atom. Among the simplest examples are the methenium CH + 3, methanium CH + 5, acylium ions RCO +, and vinyl C ...

  3. Decay technique - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_technique

    In a condensed phase, the carbocation can also gain an electron from surrounding molecules, thus becoming an electrically neutral radical. For example, in crystalline naphthalene, a molecule with tritium substituted for hydrogen in the 1 (or 2) position will be turned by decay into a cation with a positive charge at that position.

  4. Carbon-based life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon-based_life

    Arsenic is toxic to life, and its possible candidacy has been rejected. [39] [40] In the past (1960s-1970s) other candidates for life were plausible, but with time and more research, only carbon has the complexity and stability to make large molecules and polymers essential for life. [41] [42] [43]

  5. Porphobilinogen deaminase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphobilinogen_deaminase

    Full PBG Deaminase Mechanism. The first step is believed to involve an E1 elimination of ammonia from porphobilinogen, generating a carbocation intermediate (1). [10] This intermediate is then attacked by the dipyrrole cofactor of porphobilinogen deaminase, which after losing a proton yields a trimer covalently bound to the enzyme (2).

  6. Cellular respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_respiration

    The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions, which break large molecules into smaller ones, producing large amounts of energy (ATP). Respiration is one of the key ways a cell releases chemical energy to fuel cellular activity. The overall reaction occurs in a series of biochemical steps, some of which are redox reactions.

  7. Cell signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_signaling

    In biology, cell signaling (cell signalling in British English) is the process by which a cell interacts with itself, other cells, and the environment. Cell signaling is a fundamental property of all cellular life in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Typically, the signaling process involves three components: the signal, the receptor, and the effector.

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    mail.aol.com

    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. Alkylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkylation

    The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion, or a carbene (or their equivalents). [1] Alkylating agents are reagents for effecting alkylation. Alkyl groups can also be removed in a process known as dealkylation. Alkylating agents are often classified according to their nucleophilic or electrophilic ...