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Intravenous sugar solution, also known as dextrose solution, is a mixture of dextrose (glucose) and water. [1] It is used to treat low blood sugar or water loss without electrolyte loss. [ 2 ] Water loss without electrolyte loss may occur in fever , hyperthyroidism , high blood calcium , or diabetes insipidus . [ 2 ]
Fluid replacement or fluid resuscitation is the medical practice of replenishing bodily fluid lost through sweating, bleeding, fluid shifts or other pathologic processes. . Fluids can be replaced with oral rehydration therapy (drinking), intravenous therapy, rectally such as with a Murphy drip, or by hypodermoclysis, the direct injection of fluid into the subcutaneous tis
[2] [3] It is given by intravenous infusion or applied to the affected area. [2] [3] Side effects may include allergic reactions, high blood potassium, hypervolemia, and high blood calcium. [2] It may not be suitable for mixing with certain medications and some recommend against use in the same infusion as a blood transfusion. [4]
Ringer's solution typically contains sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate, with the last used to buffer the pH. Other additions can include chemical fuel sources for cells, including ATP and dextrose , as well as antibiotics and antifungals.
Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not—due to reduced mental states or otherwise—consume food or water by mouth.
Potassium chloride, also known as potassium salt, is used as a medication to treat and prevent low blood potassium. [2] Low blood potassium may occur due to vomiting, diarrhea, or certain medications. [3] The concentrated version should be diluted before use. [2] It is given by slow injection into a vein or by mouth. [4]
Following the administration of intravenous insulin, dextrose should be added once glucose levels reach the 250–300 mg/dL target level. It is important to prevent a rapid reduction in osmolality so as to avoid cerebral edema. Dependent on serum potassium levels, a potassium replacement should be administered if sodium levels are maintained. [2]
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is treatment of choice. [ 36 ] [ 38 ] Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a syndrome that is similar to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which develops during or within 6 hours of transfusion of a plasma-containing blood product.