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Microangiopathy (also known as microvascular disease, small vessel disease (SVD) or microvascular dysfunction) is a disease of the microvessels, small blood vessels in the microcirculation. [1] It can be contrasted to macroangiopathies such as atherosclerosis , where large and medium-sized arteries (e.g., aorta , carotid and coronary arteries ...
The acquired demyelinating diseases are classified according to their underlying causes into five groups: noninfectious–inflammatory, infectious–inflammatory, toxic–metabolic, hypoxic–ischemic (vascular problems like Binswanger's disease), and traumatic. [2] This classification is diffuse sometimes.
White matter hyperintensities can be caused by a variety of factors, including ischemia, micro-hemorrhages, gliosis, damage to small blood vessel walls, breaches of the barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain, or loss and deformation of the myelin sheath.
Chronic exposure to neuroleptic medications may also cause demyelination. [3] Furthermore, deficiencies in vitamin B12 can result in dysmyelination. [4] [5] Demyelinating diseases are traditionally classified into two types: demyelinating myelinoclastic diseases and demyelinating leukodystrophic diseases. In the first group, a healthy and ...
Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, [1] is a form of small-vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. [2] White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. [3]
Microvascular angina is a chronic long term condition which increases the risk of heart attack and other cardiac events such as heart failure and frequent hospital admissions. The treatment consists of drugs, mainly to relieve chest pain, but a very important part of the treatment is regularly visiting the doctor and repeating the tests to make ...
In small vessel disease, the frontal lobes are often affected. Consequently, people with vascular dementia tend to perform worse than their Alzheimer's disease counterparts in frontal lobe tasks, such as verbal fluency, and may present with frontal lobe problems: apathy , abulia (lack of will or initiative), problems with attention, orientation ...
Lipohyalinosis is a cerebral small vessel disease affecting the small arteries, arterioles or capillaries in the brain.Originally defined by C. Miller Fisher as 'segmental arteriolar wall disorganisation', it is characterized by vessel wall thickening and a resultant reduction in luminal diameter.
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