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National political ideology was not as influential during this period, with sectional politics between the northern and southern states driving political activity. [12] All of the northern states had abolished slavery by 1805, but it was still widely practiced in the southern states until the Civil War (1861–1865).
Free America, focuses on personal freedom, consumer capitalism, and hostility to government. The smart America narrative includes professionals who value novelty and diversity, embrace meritocracy, and welcome globalization. The real America narrative includes the working class—anti-intellectual, nationalist, religious, and white supremacist.
Between the 1930s and 1970s, fiscal policy was characterized by the Keynesian consensus. [35] [36] After the "Reagan revolution" in the early 1980s, laissez-faire ideology once more became a powerful force in American politics. [37]
While historians such as Patrick Allitt (born 1956) and political theorists such as Russell Kirk (1918–1994) assert that conservative principles have played a major role in U.S. politics and culture since 1776, they also argue that an organized conservative movement with beliefs that differ from those of other American political parties did ...
Political violence: pacifism (political views should not be imposed by violent force) vs. militancy (violence is a legitimate or necessary means of political expression). In North America, particularly in the United States, holders of these views are often referred to as "doves" and "hawks", respectively. [clarification needed]
An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal. An ideology is a collection of ideas.
It is government based on a monistic ideology—as distinct from an authoritarian state, which is characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] An ideocratic state can either be totalitarian —citizens being forced to follow an ideology —or populist (citizens voluntarily following an ideology).
Americanism, also referred to as American patriotism, is a set of patriotic values which aim to create a collective American identity for the United States that can be defined as "an articulation of the nation's rightful place in the world, a set of traditions, a political language, and a cultural style imbued with political meaning". [1]