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A Wheatstone bridge is an electrical circuit used to measure an unknown electrical resistance by balancing two legs of a bridge circuit, one leg of which includes the unknown component. The primary benefit of the circuit is its ability to provide extremely accurate measurements (in contrast with something like a simple voltage divider ). [ 1 ]
The best-known bridge circuit, the Wheatstone bridge, was invented by Samuel Hunter Christie and popularized by Charles Wheatstone, and is used for measuring resistance. It is constructed from four resistors, two of known values R 1 and R 3 (see diagram), one whose resistance is to be determined R x , and one which is variable and calibrated R 2 .
A Wheatstone bridge is a configuration of four balanced resistors with a known excitation voltage applied as shown below: Excitation voltage V EX {\displaystyle V_{\text{EX}}} is a known constant and output voltage V o {\textstyle V_{o}} is variable depending on the shape of the strain gauges.
The two remaining arms are the nearly equal resistances P and Q, connected in the inner gaps of the bridge. A standard Wheatstone bridge for comparison. Points A, B, C and D in both circuit diagrams correspond. X and Y correspond to R 1 and R 2, P and Q correspond to R 3 and R X. Note that with the Carey Foster bridge, we are measuring R 1 ...
However, the method went unrecognised until 1843, when Charles Wheatstone proposed it, in another paper [3] for the Royal Society, for measuring resistance in electrical circuits. Although Wheatstone presented it as Christie's invention, it is his name, rather than Christie's, that is now associated with the device.
Bridge topology is an important topology with many uses in both linear and non-linear applications, including, amongst many others, the bridge rectifier, the Wheatstone bridge and the lattice phase equaliser. Bridge topology is rendered in circuit diagrams in several ways.
This free online Bridge game is always ready to go!
Voltage dividers are used for adjusting the level of a signal, for bias of active devices in amplifiers, and for measurement of voltages. A Wheatstone bridge and a multimeter both include voltage dividers. A potentiometer is used as a variable voltage divider in the volume control of many radios.
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