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Newborn screening programs initially used screening criteria based largely on criteria established by JMG Wilson and F. Jungner in 1968. [6] Although not specifically about newborn population screening programs, their publication, Principles and practice of screening for disease proposed ten criteria that screening programs should meet before being used as a public health measure.
The Apgar score is a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. [1] It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar, to address the need for a standardized way to evaluate infants shortly after birth.
Visual acuity in newborns is very limited as well compared to adults – being 12 to 25 times worse than that of a normal adult. [3] It is important to note that the distance from the cornea at the front of the infant's eye to the retina which is at the back of eye is 16–17 mm at birth, 20 to 21 mm at one year, and 23–25 mm in adolescence ...
[24] [25] [26] Recent research has even shown this ability in newborns only a few hours old. [27] However, other studies have shown similar results received by Michotte (1976) in infants as young as 6 months, but not younger. [28] [29] These studies support a more developmental progression of abilities required for the perception of causality.
[1] [2] Around the mid-19th century, the care of newborns was in its infancy and was led mainly by obstetricians; [3] however, the early 1900s, pediatricians began to assume a more direct role in caring for neonates. [1] The term neonatology was coined by Dr. Alexander Schaffer in 1960. [4]
Newborns typically lose 7–10% of their birth weight in the first few days, but they usually regain it within two weeks. [17] During the first month, infants grow about 1 to 1.5 inches (2.5 to 3.8 cm) and gain weight at a rate of about 1 ounce (28 g) per day. [17] Resting heart rate is generally between 70 and 190 beats per minute. [18]
In order to be considered a BRUE, the infant should be completely asymptomatic at time of presentation, which is more common. Because of this, a BRUE can also be considered as a subset of ALTE. The term change was also recommended in large part due to the "life-threatening" suggestion from the older term.
They are usually experienced mothers who took courses on how to take care of mothers and newborn babies. [citation needed] Midwives are autonomous practitioners who provide basic and emergency health care before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth, generally to women with low-risk pregnancies. Midwives are trained to assist during labour ...