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The Woman Suffrage Movement in Canada (2nd ed. U of Toronto Press, 1974) full text online; Domareki, Sarah. "Canadian Identity, Women's Suffrage, and the Rights of Women: A Comparative Analysis of the Stories and Activism of Nellie McClung and Thérèse Casgrain." American Review of Canadian Studies 48.2 (2018): 221-243.
Helena Gutteridge fought for women's suffrage in BC. Organizing around women's suffrage in Canada peaked in the mid-1910s. Various franchise clubs were formed, and in Ontario, the Toronto Women's Literary Club was established in 1876 as a guise for suffrage activities, though by 1883 it was renamed the Toronto Women's Suffrage Association. [13]
The Women's Franchise Act is an act of the Parliament of Canada.Passed in 1918, the act allowed female citizens of Canada to vote in federal elections. [1] [2] [3] Universal suffrage was not attained in 1918, as women electors had to meet the same requirements as men in order to vote.
The Famous Five (French: Célèbres cinq), also known as The Valiant Five, [1] and initially as The Alberta Five, were five prominent Canadian suffragists who advocated for women and children: Henrietta Muir Edwards, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinney, Emily Murphy, and Irene Parlby. [2]
The History of women in Canada is the study of the historical experiences of women living in Canada and the laws and legislation affecting Canadian women. In colonial period of Canadian history, Indigenous women's roles were often challenged by Christian missionaries, and their marriages to European fur traders often brought their communities into greater contact with the outside world.
The Canadian Women's Suffrage Association, originally called the Toronto Women's Literary Guild, was an organization based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that fought for women's rights. After the association had been inactive for a while, the leaders founded the Dominion Women's Enfranchisement Association in 1889.
Canadian men and women both became involved in debating the women's suffrage movement in the late 19th century. [13] Women's suffrage was debated in the Legislative Assembly in New Brunswick starting in 1885, and anti-suffrage "testimonies" began to appear in the newspapers around that time. [14]
Representation by women has been a significant issue in Canadian politics since 1900. The first woman elected to a provincial legislature in Canada was Louise McKinney in the 1917 Alberta general election, while the first woman elected to the House of Commons of Canada was Agnes Macphail, in the 1921 Canadian federal election.