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Field artillery in the American Civil War refers to the artillery weapons, equipment, and practices used by the artillery branch to support infantry and cavalry forces in the field. It does not include siege artillery , use of artillery in fixed fortifications, coastal or naval artillery .
The 3-inch ordnance rifle, model 1861 was a wrought iron muzzleloading rifled cannon that was adopted by the United States Army in 1861 and widely used in field artillery units during the American Civil War.
Heavy artillery during the Civil War consisted of siege artillery, garrison artillery, and coastal artillery. Siege and garrison artillery were larger versions of field artillery, mounted on heavyweight carriages which allowed them very limited mobility: the M1839 24-pounder smoothbore was the largest one which could still be moved by road.
The 10-pounder Parrott rifle, Model 1861 was a muzzle-loading rifled cannon made of cast iron that was adopted by the United States Army in 1861 and often used in field artillery units during the American Civil War.
The M1841 6-pounder field gun was a bronze smoothbore muzzleloading cannon that was adopted by the United States Army in 1841 and used from the Mexican–American War to the American Civil War. It fired a 6.1 lb (2.8 kg) round shot up to a distance of 1,523 yd (1,393 m) at 5° elevation.
Accordingly, Secretary of War John B. Floyd wrote Lieutenant Colonel William J. Hardee on 14 December 1860, "I have to state that the results of trials of rifled cannon and projectiles, under the direction of this department, indicates a superiority of James expanding projectiles for such cannon. The regulation 6-pounder, with a rifled bore ...
In the period before the Civil War, a U.S. Army light artillery battery was organized with four M1841 6-pounder field guns and two M1841 12-pounder howitzers. [1] The field gun fired solid iron cannon balls in a flat trajectory to smash its targets [2] while the howitzer was designed to lob hollow shells into massed formations or fortifications. [3]
Brooke gun (rifled, muzzle-loading naval and coastal-defense gun) Web page at Civil War Artillery web site; Civil War Artillery Projectiles Main page at Civil War Artillery web site; Confederate Naval Cannons Pictures of Brooke Cannons; Pictures of the 6.4" and 7" single-banded Brooke rifles from CSS Atlanta; Machines Of Yesteryear: Civil War ...