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MS SQL Server (This also works on Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 while the Select top 10 * from T does not) SELECT * FROM T LIMIT 10 OFFSET 20 Netezza , MySQL , MariaDB (also supports the standard version, since version 10.6), SAP SQL Anywhere , PostgreSQL (also supports the standard, since version 8.4), SQLite , HSQLDB , H2 , Vertica , Polyhedra ...
SQL was initially developed at IBM by Donald D. Chamberlin and Raymond F. Boyce after learning about the relational model from Edgar F. Codd [12] in the early 1970s. [13] This version, initially called SEQUEL (Structured English Query Language), was designed to manipulate and retrieve data stored in IBM's original quasirelational database management system, System R, which a group at IBM San ...
Oracle Corporation calls these variables "substitution variables". Programmers can use them anywhere in a SQL or PL/SQL statement or in SQL Plus commands. They can be populated by a literal using DEFINE or from the database using the column command. predefined variables, prefixed with an underscore ('_') [10]
SQL includes operators and functions for calculating values on stored values. SQL allows the use of expressions in the select list to project data, as in the following example, which returns a list of books that cost more than 100.00 with an additional sales_tax column containing a sales tax figure calculated at 6% of the price.
SQL Developer Data Modeler operates with and models metadata. [7] Prior to SQL Developer version 3, it constituted a separate (but integrated) free [8] counterpart of SQL Developer. As of SQL Developer version 3 modeling became an integrated part of the overall tool. "Data Modeler" can produce (among other outputs) .dmd files. [9] Data Miner [10]
The main feature of SQL (non-procedural) is also its drawback: control statements (decision-making or iterative control) cannot be used if only SQL is to be used.PL/SQL provides the functionality of other procedural programming languages, such as decision making, iteration etc.
WHERE clauses are not mandatory clauses of SQL DML statements, but can be used to limit the number of rows affected by a SQL DML statement or returned by a query. In brief SQL WHERE clause is used to extract only those results from a SQL statement, such as: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement. [1]
The embedded SQL statements are parsed by an embedded SQL preprocessor and replaced by host-language calls to a code library. The output from the preprocessor is then compiled by the host compiler. This allows programmers to embed SQL statements in programs written in any number of languages such as C/C++, COBOL and Fortran.