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  2. Justification and excuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_and_excuse

    Justification and excuse are different defenses in a United States criminal case. [ 1 ] : 513 Both defenses admit that the defendant committed an act proscribed by law. [ 1 ] : 513 The proscribed act has justification if the act had positive effects that outweigh its negative effects, or is not wrong or blameworthy.

  3. Excuse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excuse

    In law, the usual rule is that the defendant's motive for breaking the law is irrelevant although, in the criminal law, this may reduce the sentence. The basis of the defense argues that the threats made by the other person make the defendant's entire behavior involuntary and therefore the liability should be reduced or removed.

  4. Ignorantia juris non excusat - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignorantia_juris_non_excusat

    In law, ignorantia juris non excusat (Latin for "ignorance of the law excuses not"), [1] or ignorantia legis neminem excusat ("ignorance of law excuses no one"), [2] is a legal principle holding that a person who is unaware of a law may not escape liability for violating that law merely by being unaware of its content.

  5. Refusing to assist a police officer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refusing_to_assist_a...

    22-2407: Assisting law enforcement officer. [29] (1) A law enforcement officer making an arrest may command the assistance of any person who may be in the vicinity. (2) A person commanded to assist a law enforcement officer shall have the same authority to arrest as the officer who commands his assistance.

  6. Ignorance of the law is no excuse. But not knowing this law ...

    www.aol.com/ignorance-law-no-excuse-not...

    Broadly translated it means, “ignorance of the law is no excuse.” But there’s another expression from Roman law, ignorant lures nocet, which means, “not knowing the law is harmful.”

  7. Police code - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_code

    A police code is a brevity code, usually numerical or alphanumerical, used to transmit information between law enforcement over police radio systems in the United States. Examples of police codes include " 10 codes " (such as 10-4 for "okay" or "acknowledged"—sometimes written X4 or X-4), signals, incident codes, response codes , or other ...

  8. Pretext - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretext

    A "pretextual" arrest by law enforcement officers is one carried out for illegal purposes such as to conduct an unjustified search and seizure. [3] [4] Marble Boat on Kunming Lake near Beijing. As one example of pretext, in the 1880s, the Chinese government raised money on the pretext of modernizing the Chinese navy.

  9. Police misconduct - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_misconduct

    Police misconduct is inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Types of misconduct include among others: sexual offences, coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial ...