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The Provisions of Oxford, released in 1258, was the first English government document to be published in the English language after the Norman Conquest. In 1362, Edward III became the first king to address Parliament in English.
The standard title for monarchs from Æthelstan until John was "King of the English". In 1016 Cnut the Great, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". In the Norman period "King of the English" remained standard, with occasional use of "King of England" or Rex Anglie. From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in ...
In 1349, English became the language of instruction at the University of Oxford, which had taught in French or Latin. In 1476, the use of English became widespread through the introduction of printing to England by William Caxton. Henry IV (1367-1413) was the first English king whose first language was English. Henry V (1387-1422) was the first ...
Æthelstan is regarded as the first King of England by modern historians. [k] Although it was his successors who would achieve the permanent conquest of Viking York, Æthelstan's campaigns made this success possible. [146] His nephew Edgar called himself King of the English and revived the claim to rule over all the peoples of Britain.
Edward was the first king since the Conquest to speak English, and during his reign Middle English began to replace French as the language of the aristocracy. [150] In 1333, Edward invaded Scotland winning a major victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill due to the use of the English longbow. [151]
Early Modern English (sometimes abbreviated EModE [1] or EMnE) or Early New English (ENE) is the stage of the English language from the beginning of the Tudor period to the English Interregnum and Restoration, or from the transition from Middle English, in the late 15th century, to the transition to Modern English, in the mid-to-late 17th century.
Cnut, a Dane, was the first to call himself "King of England". During the Norman period Rex Anglorum remained standard, with occasional use of Rex Anglie ("King of England"). From John's reign onwards all other titles were eschewed in favour of Rex or Regina Anglie. In 1604 James I, who had inherited the English throne the previous year ...
Alfred is remembered as a literate king. He or his court commissioned the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, which was written in Old English (rather than in Latin, the language of the European annals). [109] Alfred's own literary output was mainly of translations, but he also wrote introductions and amended manuscripts. [109] [110]