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Additionally, Fluorescence spectroscopy can be adapted to the microscopic level using microfluorimetry. In analytical chemistry, fluorescence detectors are used with HPLC. In the field of water research, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used to monitor water quality by detecting organic pollutants. [14]
Fluorescence is one of two kinds of photoluminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation. When exposed to ultraviolet radiation, many substances will glow (fluoresce) with colored visible light. The color of the light emitted depends on the chemical composition of the substance.
The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science, archaeology and art objects [1] such as paintings. [2] [3]
A simplified Jablonski diagram illustrating the change of energy levels.. The principle behind fluorescence is that the fluorescent moiety contains electrons which can absorb a photon and briefly enter an excited state before either dispersing the energy non-radiatively or emitting it as a photon, but with a lower energy, i.e., at a longer wavelength (wavelength and energy are inversely ...
Its usage includes analysis of the distribution of proteins, glycans, small biological and non-biological molecules, and visualization of structures such as intermediate-sized filaments. [ 8 ] If the topology of a cell membrane is undetermined, epitope insertion into proteins can be used in conjunction with immunofluorescence to determine ...
The chloride ion is a well known quencher for quinine fluorescence. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Quenching poses a problem for non-instant spectroscopic methods, such as laser-induced fluorescence . Quenching is made use of in optode sensors; for instance the quenching effect of oxygen on certain ruthenium complexes allows the measurement of oxygen ...
Single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy uses the fluorescence of a molecule for obtaining information on its environment, structure, and position. The technique affords the ability of obtaining information otherwise not available due to ensemble averaging (that is, a signal obtained when recording many molecules at the same time represents an ...
Fluorescence analysis can be orders of magnitude more sensitive than other techniques. Applications include chemistry / biochemistry , medicine , environmental monitoring . For instance, they are used to measure chlorophyll fluorescence to investigate plant physiology .