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NoSQL (originally referring to "non-SQL" or "non-relational") [1] is an approach to database design that focuses on providing a mechanism for storage and retrieval of data that is modeled in means other than the tabular relations used in relational databases.
Most NoSQL data stores, however, do not have a fixed schema. Each row can have a different number and even different type of columns. Concerning the data store, modifications in the schema are no problem. This makes this kind of data stores more elastic concerning the data model. [1]
Object–relational impedance mismatch is a set of difficulties going between data in relational data stores and data in domain-driven object models. Relational Database Management Systems (RDBMS) is the standard method for storing data in a dedicated database, while object-oriented (OO) programming is the default method for business-centric design in programming languages.
This leads to problems when trying to translate programming objects to and from their associated database rows, a problem known as object-relational impedance mismatch. [4] Document stores more closely, or in some cases directly, map programming objects into the store. These are often marketed using the term NoSQL.
A wide-column store (or extensible record store) is a type of NoSQL database. [1] It uses tables, rows, and columns, but unlike a relational database, the names and format of the columns can vary from row to row in the same table. A wide-column store can be interpreted as a two-dimensional key–value store. [1]
A column of a distributed data store is a NoSQL object of the lowest level in a keyspace. It is a tuple (a key–value pair) consisting of three elements: Unique name: Used to reference the column; Value: The content of the column. It can have different types, like AsciiType, LongType, TimeUUIDType, UTF8Type among others.
ScyllaDB is an source-available distributed NoSQL wide-column data store.It was designed to be compatible with Apache Cassandra while achieving significantly higher throughputs and lower latencies.
ObjectStore is a commercial object database, a specialized type of NoSQL database designed to handle data created by applications that use object-oriented programming techniques, avoiding the object–relational mapping overhead required when using object-oriented data with a relational database.