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Uremic fetor is a urine-like odor on the breath of people with uremia. [1] The odor occurs from the smell of ammonia, which is created in the saliva as a breakdown product of urea. [citation needed] Uremic fetor is usually associated with an unpleasant metallic taste and can be a symptom of chronic kidney disease.
All people with a GFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 for 3 months are defined as having chronic kidney disease. [59] Protein in the urine is regarded as an independent marker for worsening of kidney function and cardiovascular disease. Hence, British guidelines append the letter "P" to the stage of chronic kidney disease if protein loss is significant. [60]
Uremic pruritus is defined as itching that is directly caused by chronic kidney disease, with no other explainable conditions. [14] Uremic pruritus cannot be diagnosed with laboratory tests or established criteria because of its variability and lack of specific skin lesions.
AKI - the other main type of kidney disease - can be caused by dehydration, blood loss, urinary tract obstructions such as kidney stones or blood clots, low blood pressure, or heart disease. It ...
Diabetic nephropathy, also known as diabetic kidney disease, [5] is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus. Diabetic nephropathy is the leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) globally. The triad of protein leaking into the urine (proteinuria or albuminuria ...
Unlike chronic kidney disease, however, the kidneys can often recover from acute kidney injury, allowing the person with AKI to resume a normal life. People with acute kidney injury require supportive treatment until their kidneys recover function, and they often remain at increased risk of developing future kidney failure.
Kidney failure is known as the end-stage of kidney disease, where dialysis or a kidney transplant is the only treatment option. Chronic kidney disease is defined as prolonged kidney abnormalities (functional and/or structural in nature) that last for more than three months. [1]
A new study suggests that people with chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, or both of these conditions may face an elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk 8 to 28 years earlier than those ...