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Academic integrity means avoiding plagiarism and cheating, among other misconduct behaviours. Academic integrity is practiced in the majority of educational institutions, it is noted in mission statements, policies, [5] [9] [32] procedures, and honor codes, but it is also being taught in ethics classes and being noted in syllabi. Many ...
Education was once considered a privilege for only the upper class. However, during the 17th and 18th centuries, “education, literacy and learning” were gradually provided to “rich and poor alike”. [10] The literacy rate in Europe from the 17th century to the 18th century grew significantly.
During the 18th century, enlightened literary movements such as the Arcádia Lusitana (lasting from 1756 until 1776, then replaced by the Nova Arcádia in 1790 until 1794) surfaced in the academic medium, in particular involving former students of the University of Coimbra. A distinct member of this group was the poet Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage
Moreover, the religious movement of Pietism, spreading in the 18th century, required some level of literacy, thereby promoting the need for public education. Throughout the 19th century (and even up until today), the Danish education system was especially influenced by the ideas of clergymen, politicians, and poets N. F. S. Grundtvig , who ...
The British colonised India starting in the late 18th century, and began to impose Western education by the early 19th century. They saw this as a highly positive step, and felt that it was a way to civilise the people. [10] Native kingdoms also sometimes sought such education to understand how to deal with the British threat. [11]
The period between 1701 and the 1870 Elementary Education Act saw an expansion in access to formal education in Wales, though schooling was not yet universal.. During the 18th century, various philanthropic efforts were made to provide education to poorer children and sometimes adults—schools established by the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge (SPCK), circulating schools, Sunday ...
By the eighteenth century many poorer girls were being taught in dame schools, informally set up by a widow or spinster to teach reading, sewing and cooking. [4] From the mid-seventeenth century there were boarding schools for girls, particularly in Edinburgh or London. These were often family-sized institutions headed by women.
In the 18th century, the Age of Enlightenment also encouraged education's transition, from the "preservation and transmission of accepted knowledge" to the "discovery and advancement of new knowledge"; the newer universities effected that change more quickly, and adopted Enlightenment ideas about the harmfulness of monarchic absolutism more ...