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Wind speed affects weather forecasting, aviation and maritime operations, construction projects, growth and metabolism rates of many plant species, and countless other implications. [2] Wind direction is usually almost parallel to isobars (and not perpendicular, as one might expect), due to Earth's rotation .
A short burst of high speed wind is termed a wind gust; one technical definition of a wind gust is: the maxima that exceed the lowest wind speed measured during a ten-minute time interval by 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) for periods of seconds. A squall is an increase of the wind speed above a certain threshold, which lasts for a minute or more.
Wind speed on the Beaufort scale is based on the empirical relationship: [6] v = 0.836 B 3/2 m/s; v = 1.625 B 3/2 knots (=) where v is the equivalent wind speed at 10 metres above the sea surface and B is Beaufort scale number.
The westerlies (blue) and trade winds (yellow and brown) Global surface wind vector flow lines colored by wind speed from June 1, 2011 to October 31, 2011. In meteorology, prevailing wind in a region of the Earth's surface is a surface wind that blows predominantly from a particular direction. The dominant winds are the trends in direction of ...
In common usage, wind gradient, more specifically wind speed gradient [1] or wind velocity gradient, [2] or alternatively shear wind, [3] is the vertical component of the gradient of the mean horizontal wind speed in the lower atmosphere. [4] It is the rate of increase of wind strength with unit increase in height above ground level.
Flow visualization of wind speed contours around a house Wind engineering covers the aerodynamic effects of buildings Damaged wind turbines due to hurricane Maria. Wind engineering is a subset of mechanical engineering, structural engineering, meteorology, and applied physics that analyzes the effects of wind in the natural and the built environment and studies the possible damage ...
The wind stress causes a deformation of the water body whereby wind waves are generated. Also, the wind stress drives ocean currents and is therefore an important driver of the large-scale ocean circulation. [1] The wind stress is affected by the wind speed, the shape of the wind waves and the atmospheric stratification.
In motor vehicles, wind can affect fuel consumption and top speed but is usually ignored by the driver who chooses the speed from speed limits and road conditions. In cycling, headwind is felt strongly by cyclists. It decreases the speed and increases the advantage of drafting, i.e. riding closely together in