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  2. Biosynthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosynthesis

    Biosynthesis, i.e., chemical synthesis occurring in biological contexts, is a term most often referring to multi-step, enzyme-catalyzed processes where chemical substances absorbed as nutrients (or previously converted through biosynthesis) serve as enzyme substrates, with conversion by the living organism either into simpler or more complex ...

  3. DNA synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_synthesis

    DNA synthesis is the natural or artificial creation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules. DNA is a macromolecule made up of nucleotide units, which are linked by covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds, in a repeating structure.

  4. Thymidylate synthase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thymidylate_synthase

    Thymidylate synthase (TS) plays a crucial role in the early stages of DNA biosynthesis. [11] DNA damage or deletion occur on a daily basis as a result of both endogenous and environmental factors. Such environmental factors include ultraviolet damage and cigarette smoke that contain a variety of carcinogens. [12] Therefore, synthesis and ...

  5. Synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthesis

    Biosynthesis, the creation of an organic compound in a living organism, usually aided by enzymes Photosynthesis, a biochemical reaction using a carbon molecule to produce an organic molecule, using sunlight as a catalyst; Chemosynthesis, the synthesis of biological compounds into organic waste, using methane or an oxidized molecule as a catalyst

  6. Nucleic acid metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_metabolism

    Nucleic acid metabolism is a collective term that refers to the variety of chemical reactions by which nucleic acids (DNA and/or RNA) are either synthesized or degraded. Nucleic acids are polymers (so-called "biopolymers") made up of a variety of monomers called nucleotides.

  7. Biomolecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecule

    DNA uses the deoxynucleotides C, G, A, and T, while RNA uses the ribonucleotides (which have an extra hydroxyl(OH) group on the pentose ring) C, G, A, and U. Modified bases are fairly common (such as with methyl groups on the base ring), as found in ribosomal RNA or transfer RNAs or for discriminating the new from old strands of DNA after ...

  8. Artificial gene synthesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_gene_synthesis

    As DNA printing and DNA assembly methods have allowed commercial gene synthesis to become progressively and exponentially cheaper over the past years, [50] artificial gene synthesis represents a powerful and flexible engineering tool for creating and designing new DNA sequences and protein functions.

  9. Ribonucleotide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribonucleotide

    DNA is defined by containing 2'-deoxy-ribose nucleic acid while RNA is defined by containing ribose nucleic acid. [1] In some occasions, DNA and RNA may contain some minor bases. Methylated forms of the major bases are most common in DNA. In viral DNA, some bases may be hydroxymethylated or glucosylated.