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Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is an extremely rare disease characterized by the abnormal multiplication of a specific type of white blood cells called histiocytes, or tissue macrophages (technically, this disease is termed a non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis). It was declared a histiocytic neoplasm by the World Health Organization in 2016. [1]
CD68 immunostaining demonstrating macrophages and giant cells in a case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis CD68 ( C luster of D ifferentiation 68) is a protein highly expressed by cells in the monocyte lineage (e.g., monocytic phagocytes , osteoclasts ), by circulating macrophages , and by tissue macrophages (e.g., Kupffer cells , microglia ).
The granulomatous tissue largely comprises foam cells of monocyte/macrophage origin positive for KP1, HAM56, CD11b and CD68. Neutrophils, hemorrhagic foci and numerous plasma cells are additional findings.
Proteus and Escherichia coli are the most commonly involved bacteria in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. The foam cells of monocyte/macrophage origin are positive for KP1, HAM56, CD11b and CD68 as pointed out by Nakashiro et al. in xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis). [20] Many T lymphocytes were identified by these authors positive to CD4 ...
But my mom, who is a nurse, noticed that my white blood cell count was concerningly high, which could be a sign of infection or a bone marrow disease. This felt like a red flag, especially because ...
The macrophages tend to be negative for S100 protein, CD1a, Langerin, and cytokeratin when immunohistochemically tested, but positive for CD68. [3] Crystals range in size from microscopic to 4 cm, and are dense, membrane-bound, and elongated, rectangular, and/or rhomboid in shape. [ 4 ]
“It’s not a positive sign. It’s not a panic sign, either,” Challenger said. U.S.-based employers announced 57,727 cuts in November, a 3.8% increase from October and up 26.8% from the ...
Swim Bladder Disease: Common in fish like goldfish and bettas, swim bladder issues can make it difficult for them to swim properly. Treatment costs are generally minimal, around $50 to $100 for ...
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