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In the power systems analysis field of electrical engineering, a per-unit system is the expression of system quantities as fractions of a defined base unit quantity. . Calculations are simplified because quantities expressed as per-unit do not change when they are referred from one side of a transformer to t
In electrical engineering, susceptance (B) is the imaginary part of admittance (Y = G + jB), where the real part is conductance (G). The reciprocal of admittance is impedance ( Z = R + jX ), where the imaginary part is reactance ( X ) and the real part is resistance ( R ).
Kirchhoff's voltage law: The directed sum of the electrical potential differences around a circuit must be zero. Ohm's Law: The voltage across a resistor is the product of its resistance and the current flowing through it, at constant temperature.
A Magic Triangle image mnemonic - when the terms of Ohm's law are arranged in this configuration, covering the unknown gives the formula in terms of the remaining parameters. It can be adapted to similar equations e.g. F = ma, v = fλ, E = mcΔT, V = π r 2 h and τ = rF sinθ.
In electrical engineering, three-phase electric power systems have at least three conductors carrying alternating voltages that are offset in time by one-third of the period. A three-phase system may be arranged in delta (∆) or star (Y) (also denoted as wye in some areas, as symbolically it is similar to the letter 'Y').
Electrical breakdown limits for MEMS; High Voltage Experimenter's Handbook Archived 2011-10-16 at the Wayback Machine; Paschen's law calculator; Breakdown Voltage vs. Pressure In the internet archive 16.04.2023; Electrical Breakdown of Low Pressure Gases; Electrical Discharges; Pressure Dependence of Plasma Structure in Microwave Gas Breakdown ...
Continuous charge distribution. The volume charge density ρ is the amount of charge per unit volume (cube), surface charge density σ is amount per unit surface area (circle) with outward unit normal n̂, d is the dipole moment between two point charges, the volume density of these is the polarization density P.
The source free equations can be written by the action of the exterior derivative on this 2-form. But for the equations with source terms (Gauss's law and the Ampère-Maxwell equation), the Hodge dual of this 2-form is needed. The Hodge star operator takes a p-form to a (n − p)-form, where n is the number of dimensions.