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Data communication, including data transmission and data reception, is the transfer of data, transmitted and received over a point-to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. Examples of such channels are copper wires , optical fibers , wireless communication using radio spectrum , storage media and computer buses .
Data transmission has three aspects: transmission, propagation, and reception. [45] It can be broadly categorized as broadcasting , in which information is transmitted unidirectionally downstream, or telecommunications , with bidirectional upstream and downstream channels.
In the OSI model of computer networking, a frame is the protocol data unit at the data link layer. Frames are the result of the final layer of encapsulation before the data is transmitted over the physical layer. [1] A frame is "the unit of transmission in a link layer protocol, and consists of a link layer header followed by a packet."
Getting the data across a network is only part of the problem for a protocol. The data received has to be evaluated in the context of the progress of the conversation, so a protocol must include rules describing the context. These kinds of rules are said to express the syntax of the communication. Other rules determine whether the data is ...
The definition was later reconfirmed, according to Article 1.3 of the ITU Radio Regulations, which defined it as "Any transmission, emission or reception of signs, signals, writings, images and sounds or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems".
The "bulk data transfer" or aggregation networking. The Long-haul telecommunication technicians is considered a "jack of all" but it is much in the technician's interest to gather greater education with certifications to qualify for certain jobs outside the military.
According to another definition, the modulation is a form of digital-to-analog conversion. Most textbooks would consider digital modulation schemes as a form of digital transmission, synonymous to data transmission; very few would consider it as analog transmission. [citation needed]
A data storage device which can communicate a message over time. [1] The portion of a storage medium, such as a track or band, that is accessible to a given reading or writing station or head. A buffer from which messages can be put and got. In a communications system, the physical or logical link that connects a data source to a data sink.