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In linguistics, syntax (/ ˈ s ɪ n t æ k s / SIN-taks) [1] [2] is the study of how words and morphemes combine to form larger units such as phrases and sentences.Central concerns of syntax include word order, grammatical relations, hierarchical sentence structure (constituency), [3] agreement, the nature of crosslinguistic variation, and the relationship between form and meaning ().
a; a few; a little; all; an; another; any; anybody; anyone; anything; anywhere; both; certain (also adjective) each; either; enough; every; everybody; everyone ...
Many verbs denote actions or states, they are conjugated with agreement suffixes (e.g. -s of the third person singular in English), and in English they tend to show up in medial positions of the clauses in which they appear. The third criterion is also known as distribution. The distribution of a given syntactic unit determines the syntactic ...
Words and phrases can be categorized by both their syntactic category [b] and their syntactic function.In the clause the dog bit the man, for example, the dog belongs to the syntactic category of noun phrase and performs the syntactic function of subject.
Shifting (syntax) Sloppy identity; Sociology of language; Specified subject condition; Standard Theory (Egyptology) Stripping (linguistics) Subject side parameter; Subordination (linguistics) Symbolic linguistic representation; Syndeton; Syntactic ambiguity; Syntactic bootstrapping; Syntactic change; List of syntactic phenomena; Syntactic pivot ...
A list of phenomena in syntax.. Anaphora; Agreement; Answer ellipsis; Antecedent-contained deletion; Binding; Case; Clitics; Control; Coreference; Differential Object ...
Grammatical abbreviations are generally written in full or small caps to visually distinguish them from the translations of lexical words. For instance, capital or small-cap PAST (frequently abbreviated to PST) glosses a grammatical past-tense morpheme, while lower-case 'past' would be a literal translation of a word with that meaning.
Syntax was recognized as the focal point of language production, in which a finite set of rules can produce an infinite number of sentences. Subsequently, morphology (i.e. the study of structure and formation of words) and phonology (i.e. the study of organization of sounds in languages) were relegated in importance. [94]