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In geometry, a convex polyhedron whose faces are regular polygons is known as a Johnson solid, or sometimes as a Johnson–Zalgaller solid [1].Some authors exclude uniform polyhedra (in which all vertices are symmetric to each other) from the definition; uniform polyhedra include Platonic and Archimedean solids as well as prisms and antiprisms. [2]
Unit fractions can also be expressed using negative exponents, as in 2 −1, which represents 1/2, and 2 −2, which represents 1/(2 2) or 1/4. A dyadic fraction is a common fraction in which the denominator is a power of two, e.g. 1 / 8 = 1 / 2 3 . In Unicode, precomposed fraction characters are in the Number Forms block.
A solid figure is the region of 3D space bounded by a two-dimensional closed surface; for example, a solid ball consists of a sphere and its interior. Solid geometry deals with the measurements of volumes of various solids, including pyramids, prisms (and other polyhedrons), cubes, cylinders, cones (and truncated cones). [2]
As the definition above, a Johnson solid is a convex polyhedron with regular polygons as their faces. However, there are several properties possessed by each of them. All but five of the 92 Johnson solids are known to have the Rupert property , meaning that it is possible for a larger copy of themselves to pass through a hole inside of them.
In its original definition, it is a polyhedron with regular polygonal faces, and a symmetry group which is transitive on its vertices; today, this is more commonly referred to as a uniform polyhedron (this follows from Thorold Gosset's 1900 definition of the more general semiregular polytope). [1] [2] These polyhedra include:
If this diagonal is oriented vertically with a height of 1, then the first five slices above occur at heights r, 3 / 8 , 1 / 2 , 5 / 8 , and s, where r is any number in the range 0 < r ≤ 1 / 4 , and s is any number in the range 3 / 4 ≤ s < 1.
A sphere of radius r has surface area 4πr 2.. The surface area (symbol A) of a solid object is a measure of the total area that the surface of the object occupies. [1] The mathematical definition of surface area in the presence of curved surfaces is considerably more involved than the definition of arc length of one-dimensional curves, or of the surface area for polyhedra (i.e., objects with ...
Examples of common manipulatives include number lines, Cuisenaire rods, fraction strips, [1] base ten blocks (also known as Dienes or multibase blocks), interlocking linking cubes (such as Unifix), construction sets (such as Polydron and Zometool), colored tiles or tangrams, pattern blocks, colored counting chips, [2] numicon tiles, chainable ...