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Lysine. Technically, any organic compound with an amine (–NH 2) and a carboxylic acid (–COOH) functional group is an amino acid. The proteinogenic amino acids are a small subset of this group that possess a central carbon atom (α- or 2-) bearing an amino group, a carboxyl group, a side chain and an α-hydrogen levo conformation, with the exception of glycine, which is achiral, and proline ...
The 20 amino acids that are encoded directly by the codons of the universal genetic code are called standard or canonical amino acids. A modified form of methionine ( N -formylmethionine ) is often incorporated in place of methionine as the initial amino acid of proteins in bacteria, mitochondria and plastids (including chloroplasts).
Pages in category "Non-proteinogenic amino acids" The following 42 pages are in this category, out of 42 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. ...
2-Aminoisobutyric acid (also known as α-aminoisobutyric acid, AIB, α-methylalanine, or 2-methylalanine) is the non-proteinogenic amino acid with the structural formula H 2 N-C(CH 3) 2-COOH. It is rare in nature, having been only found in meteorites, [2] and some antibiotics of fungal origin, such as alamethicin and some lantibiotics.
L-(+)-(S)-Canavanine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid found in certain leguminous plants. It is structurally related to the proteinogenic α-amino acid L-arginine, the sole difference being the replacement of a methylene bridge (-CH 2 - unit) in arginine with an oxa group (i.e., an oxygen atom) in canavanine.
Norvaline (abbreviated as Nva) is an amino acid with the formula CH 3 (CH 2) 2 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. The compound is a structural analog of valeric acid and also an isomer of the more common amino acid valine. [2] Like most other α-amino acids, norvaline is chiral. It is a white, water-soluble solid.
β-Alanine (beta-alanine) is a naturally occurring beta amino acid, which is an amino acid in which the amino group is attached to the β-carbon (i.e. the carbon two carbon atoms away from the carboxylate group) instead of the more usual α-carbon for alanine (α-alanine). The IUPAC name for β-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.
Glutamine is the most abundant naturally occurring, nonessential amino acid in the human body, and one of the few amino acids that can directly cross the blood–brain barrier. [8] Humans obtain glutamine through catabolism of proteins in foods they eat. [ 24 ]