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German physicist Heinrich Hertz first demonstrated the existence of radio waves in 1887 using what we now know as a dipole antenna (with capacitative end-loading). On the other hand, Guglielmo Marconi empirically found that he could just ground the transmitter (or one side of a transmission line, if used) dispensing with one half of the antenna, thus realizing the vertical or monopole antenna.
When the antenna is fed at a point of maximum current, as in the common center-fed half-wave dipole or base-fed quarter-wave monopole, that value is mostly the radiation resistance. However, if the antenna is fed at some other point, the equivalent radiation resistance at that point R r a d 1 {\displaystyle \ R_{\mathsf {rad\ 1}}\ } can easily ...
The J-pole antenna is an end-fed omnidirectional half-wave antenna that is matched to the feedline by a shorted quarter-wave parallel transmission line stub. [5] [1] [6] For a transmitting antenna to operate efficiently, absorbing all the power provided by its feedline, the antenna must be impedance matched to the line; it must have a resistance equal to the feedline's characteristic impedance.
In practice monopoles are mainly used at the two lowest resonant frequencies; where the element is one quarter of the wavelength long (/), the quarter-wave monopole, or one half of the wavelength long (/), the half-wave monopole, because their radiation patterns consist of a single lobe in horizontal directions, perpendicular to the antenna axis.
A coaxial antenna (often known as a coaxial dipole) is a particular form of a half-wave dipole antenna, most often employed as a vertically polarized omnidirectional antenna. History [ edit ]
The HB9XBG antenna is a vertical dipole antenna for short wave radio amateurs. It was developed by the Swiss radio amateur Walter Kägi, whose call sign HB9XBG is also the designation of the antenna. [1] During the test phase in 2020, HB9XBG built two vertical dipoles – one for the 20-metre amateur radio band and another for the 40-metre band.
The most common omnidirectional antenna designs are the monopole antenna, consisting of a vertical rod conductor mounted over a conducting ground plane, and vertical dipole antenna, consisting of two collinear vertical rods. The quarter-wave monopole and half-wave dipole both have vertical radiation patterns consisting of a single broad lobe ...
A full-wave loop antenna is slightly more than two half-wavelengths in circumference, which is a bit more than double the size of a halo antenna designed to operate on the same frequency. In contrast, the two semi-circles of a resonant loop, each is a half wavelength long.