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The porosity and makeup of most stone does, however, leave it prone to certain types of damage if unsealed. Staining is the most common form of damage. It is the result of oils or other liquids penetrating deeply into the capillary channels and depositing material that is effectively impossible to remove without destroying the stone.
Insects and pests can destroy woodblock prints by eating through the paper or leaving droppings that stain the paper. A common cause of holes in Japanese woodblock prints is the deathwatch beetle (Xestobium rufovillosum). These beetles were commonly found in wood used to build furniture in the Edo period. Woodblock prints that were stored on ...
The bleaches used to remove unwanted fungal stains from wood include two-part peroxide bleach and solutions of sodium hypochlorite. [27] The former is particularly effective at removing the natural colour of wood before it is recoloured with pigmented stains or dyes. [27] Oxalic acid is particularly effective at removing iron stains from wood. [27]
Silicone caulk can be used as a basic sealant against water and air penetration. In organosilicon and polymer chemistry, a silicone or polysiloxane is a polymer composed of repeating units of siloxane (−O−R 2 Si−O−SiR 2 −, where R = organic group). They are typically colorless oils or rubber-like substances. Silicones are used in ...
Food in a non-stick pan. A 'non-stick surface' is engineered to reduce the ability of other materials to stick to it. Non-sticking cookware is a common application, where the non-stick coating allows food to brown without sticking to the pan.
In its uncured state, silicone rubber is a highly adhesive gel or liquid. To convert it to a solid, it must be cured, vulcanized, or catalyzed.This is normally carried out in a two-stage process at the point of manufacture into the desired shape, and then in a prolonged post-cure process.
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This is a common method used in households to remove a variety of stains. Depending on the stains composition, the stained material is left to soak in a container of warm or cool water and solvent. Such solvents can include laundry detergent, bleach, peroxide, vinegar, or a cleaning product with enzymes.