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Conventional insulin therapy is characterized by: Insulin injections of a mixture of regular (or rapid) and intermediate acting insulin are performed two times a day, or to improve overnight glucose, mixed in the morning to cover breakfast and lunch, but with regular (or rapid) acting insulin alone for dinner and intermediate acting insulin at bedtime (instead of being mixed in at dinner).
In many people, both a rapid- or short-acting insulin product as well as an intermediate- or long-acting product are used to decrease the amount of injections per day. In some, insulin injections may be combined with other injection therapy such as GLP-1 receptor agonists. Cleansing of the injection site and injection technique are required to ...
Type 1 diabetes is a disease caused by the lack of insulin. Thus, insulin is the main treatment agent for type 1 and is typically administered via subcutaneous injection. Type 2 diabetes is a disease of insulin resistance by cells. Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes.
Injector pens may also remove stigma or fear around the use of injection medication in public environments, such as insulin before a meal at a restaurant. [2] Combination injector pens which include multiple medications used to treat a disease are designed to reduce the number of injections a person must use to administer their medications. [3]
There are several types of insulin that are commonly used in medical practice, with varying times of onset and duration of action. [32] - Rapid acting (i.e. insulin lispro) with onset in 15 minutes and duration of about 4 hrs. - Short acting (i.e. regular insulin) with onset in 30 minutes and duration of about 6 hrs.
The effects of insulin are initiated by its binding to a receptor, the insulin receptor (IR), present in the cell membrane. The receptor molecule contains an α- and β subunits. Two molecules are joined to form what is known as a homodimer. Insulin binds to the α-subunits of the homodimer, which faces the extracellular side of the cells.
"Tuberculin" syringes and types of syringes used to inject insulin are commonly used. Commonly used syringes usually have a built-in 28 gauge (or thereabouts) needle typically 1/2 or 5/8 inches long. The preferred injection site is the crook of the elbow (i.e., the Median cubital vein), on the user's non-writing hand
Regular insulin, also known as neutral insulin and soluble insulin, is a type of short-acting medical insulin. [2] It is used to treat type 1 diabetes , type 2 diabetes , gestational diabetes , and complications of diabetes such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states . [ 5 ]
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