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Substrate reduction therapy is FDA approved and there is at least one treatment available on the market. [10] Gene therapy aims to replace a missing protein in the body through the use of vectors, usually viral vectors. [11] In gene therapy, a gene encoding for a certain protein is inserted into a vector. [11]
The immune system is involved in many aspects of physiological regulation in the body. The immune system interacts intimately with other systems, such as the endocrine [83] [84] and the nervous [85] [86] [87] systems. The immune system also plays a crucial role in embryogenesis (development of the embryo), as well as in tissue repair and ...
The gene was first reported by two independent research groups Aaltonen et al. and Nagamine et al. in 1997 who were able to isolate and clone the gene from human chromosome 21q22.3. Their work was able to show that mutations in the AIRE gene are responsible for the pathogenesis of Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I. [5] [8] More insight ...
Immunology is a branch of biology and medicine [1] that covers the study of immune systems [2] in all organisms.. Immunology charts, measures, and contextualizes the physiological functioning of the immune system in states of both health and diseases; malfunctions of the immune system in immunological disorders (such as autoimmune diseases, hypersensitivities, [3] immune deficiency, [4] and ...
The human immune system is divided into two separate branches: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. [164] The innate immune system is the first defense against infection and responds to pathogens in a generic fashion. [164] On the other hand, the adaptive immune system, a system that was evolved later than the innate, is ...
Cyclophosphamide (Baxter's Cytoxan) is probably the most potent immunosuppressive compound. In small doses, it is very efficient in the therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune hemolytic anemias, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, and other immune diseases. High doses cause pancytopenia and hemorrhagic cystitis.
Another area of interest is the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self, a function that is compromised in autoimmune diseases. In healthy individuals, immune tolerance prevents the immune system from attacking the body's own cells.
Immunotherapy or biological therapy is the treatment of disease by activating or suppressing the immune system. Immunotherapy is designed to elicit or amplify an immune response are classified as activation immunotherapies, while immunotherapies that reduce or suppress are classified as suppression immunotherapies .