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Despite this diversity of views, there is broad agreement concerning most objects as to whether they are abstract or concrete, [1] such that most interpretations agree, for example, that rocks are concrete objects while numbers are abstract objects. Abstract objects are most commonly used in philosophy, particularly metaphysics, and semantics.
An abstract, high-level construal of an activity (e.g., "learning to speak French") may lead to a more positive evaluation of that activity than a concrete, low-level construal (e.g., "learning to conjugate the irregular French verb 'avoir ' "). Thus, CLT predicts that we will think about the value of the low-level construals when evaluating an ...
While within concrete concepts there is still a level of abstractness, concrete and abstract concepts can be seen on a scale. Some ideas like chair and dog are more cut and dry in their perceptions but concepts like cold and fantasy can be seen in a more obscure way. Examples of abstract concept learning are topics like religion and ethics.
Moreover, studies that have been conducted on abstract and concrete words have also found that the participants remembered concrete words better than the abstract words. [ 8 ] [ 9 ] [ 10 ] Paivio found that participants when shown a rapid sequence of pictures as well as a rapid sequence of words and later asked to recall the words and pictures ...
Paradigmatically, universals are abstract (e.g. humanity), whereas particulars are concrete (e.g. the personhood of Socrates). However, universals are not necessarily abstract and particulars are not necessarily concrete. [3] For example, one might hold that numbers are particular yet abstract objects.
A physical object (a possible referent of a concept or word) is considered concrete (not abstract) if it is a particular individual that occupies a particular place and time. However, in the secondary sense of the term 'abstraction', this physical object can carry materially abstracting processes.
The characteristics of the model's users or participants is an important aspect to consider. A participant's background and experience should coincide with the conceptual model's complexity, else misrepresentation of the system or misunderstanding of key system concepts could lead to problems in that system's realization.
The Gregorc Style Delineator is a self-scoring written instrument that elicits responses to a set of 40 specific words. [3] Scoring the responses will give values for a model with two axes: a "perceptual space duality," concrete vs. abstract, and an "ordering duality," sequential vs. random [4] The resulting quadrants are the "styles":