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Current cure rates using stem cell therapy in dogs approximates that achieved in humans, 40-50%. When cost is a factor, prednisone used alone can improve the symptoms dramatically, but it does not significantly affect the survival rate. The average survival times of dogs treated with prednisone and untreated dogs are both one to two months. [1]
The survival time may be longer in large dogs, and the cure rate is 20%. If a tumor is completely removed, usually the pet will receive small doses of radiation in hopes of preventing recurrence. The survival rates are: 1 year: 59%, 3 year: 40%, 5 year: 13%. [14]
The average age at which intestinal tumors are diagnosed ranges between 10–12 years for cats and 6 to 9 years for dogs. There are many different types of intestinal tumors, including lymphoma, adenocarcinoma, mast cell tumor, and leiomyosarcoma.
Aggressive surgical removal of the tumor and any enlarged sublumbar lymph nodes is essential for treatment of the tumor and associated hypercalcaemia. There is a high recurrence rate, although removal of lymph nodes with metastasis may improve survival time. [8] Radiation therapy and chemotherapy may be helpful in treatment.
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[3] [13] [14] Diagnosis, if enlarged lymph nodes are present, is usually by lymph node biopsy. [1] [2] Blood, urine, and bone marrow testing may also be useful in the diagnosis. [2] Medical imaging may then be done to determine if and where the cancer has spread. [1] [2] Lymphoma most often spreads to the lungs, liver, and brain. [1] [2]
Mastocytomas can form daughter tumors (metastases) to the (regional) lymph nodes responsible for the area as well as to other organs such as the liver, spleen, and bone marrow; other locations are very rare.[9] The metastasis rate for benign mastocytomas is less than 10%; for malignant tumors, it is more than 50%. [18]
If cancer has spread to the lymph nodes or distant organs, which is the case with Stage III and Stage IV colon cancer respectively, adding chemotherapy agents fluorouracil, capecitabine or oxaliplatin increases life expectancy. If the lymph nodes do not contain cancer, the benefits of chemotherapy are controversial.
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