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Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule that is essential for most biological functions, either by performing the function itself (non-coding RNA) or by forming a template for the production of proteins (messenger RNA). RNA and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are nucleic acids.
The RNA chain is synthesized from the 5' end to the 3' end as the 3'-hydroxyl group of the last ribonucleotide in the chain acts as a nucleophile and launches a hydrophilic attack on the 5'-triphosphate of the incoming ribonucleotide, releasing pyrophosphate as a by-[6] product. Due to the physical properties of the nucleotides, the backbone of ...
Small RNA that is activated by SgrR in Escherichia coli during glucose-phosphate stress shRNA: short hairpin RNA - siRNA: small interfering RNA - SL RNA spliced leader RNA multiple families: SmY RNA: mRNA trans-splicing RF01844: Small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms, thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing snoRNA ...
A short 20-nucleotide RNA variant ribozyme was identified that self-reproduces via template directed ligation of two 10 nucleotide oligomers. [38] This minimal kind of RNA self-reproduction was discovered in a random pool of oligmers, and may represent an early step in the emergence of an RNA based genetic system from primordial components. [38]
The standard RNA codon table organized in a wheel A codon table can be used to translate a genetic code into a sequence of amino acids . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The standard genetic code is traditionally represented as an RNA codon table, because when proteins are made in a cell by ribosomes , it is messenger RNA (mRNA) that directs protein synthesis .
Three-dimensional structure of a protein. Structural bioinformatics is the branch of bioinformatics that is related to the analysis and prediction of the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules such as proteins, RNA, and DNA.
Antisense oligonucleotides can be used to target a specific, complementary (coding or non-coding) RNA. If binding takes place this hybrid can be degraded by the enzyme RNase H. [12] RNase H is an enzyme that hydrolyzes RNA, and when used in an antisense oligonucleotide application results in 80-95% down-regulation of mRNA expression. [6]
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