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Standard Costing is a technique of Cost Accounting to compare the actual costs with standard costs (that are pre-defined) with the help of Variance Analysis. It is used to understand the variations of product costs in manufacturing. [6] Standard costing allocates fixed costs incurred in an accounting period to the goods produced during that period.
Cost of goods sold (COGS) (also cost of products sold (COPS), or cost of sales [1]) is the carrying value of goods sold during a particular period.. Costs are associated with particular goods using one of the several formulas, including specific identification, first-in first-out (FIFO), or average cost.
A cost estimate is the approximation of the cost of a program, project, or operation.The cost estimate is the product of the cost estimating process. The cost estimate has a single total value and may have identifiable component values.
For longer-term analysis that considers the entire life-cycle of a product, one therefore often prefers activity-based costing or throughput accounting. [1] When we analyze CVP is where we demonstrate the point at which in a firm there will be no profit nor loss means that firm works in breakeven situation 1.
J. Lee Nicholson. Jerome Lee (J. Lee) Nicholson (1863 – November 2, 1924) was an American accountant, industrial consultant, author and educator [1] at the New York University and Columbia University, [2] known as pioneer in cost accounting.
The fundamental components of the accounting equation include the calculation of both company holdings and company debts; thus, it allows owners to gauge the total value of a firm's assets. However, because accounting is kept on a historical basis, the equity is typically not the net worth of the organization.
IAS 2 allows for two methods of costing, the standard technique and the retail technique. The standard technique requires that inventory be valued at the standard cost of each unit; that is, the usual cost per unit at the normal level of output and efficiency.
Activity-based costing was later explained in 1999 by Peter F. Drucker in the book Management Challenges of the 21st Century. [11] He states that traditional cost accounting focuses on what it costs to do something , for example, to cut a screw thread; activity-based costing also records the cost of not doing , such as the cost of waiting for a ...