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The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world. [1][a] It went into effect in October 1582 following the papal bull Inter gravissimas issued by Pope Gregory XIII, which introduced it as a modification of, and replacement for, the Julian calendar.
Emperor Vikramaditya of Ujjain started Vikram Samvat in 57 BC and it is believed that this calendar follows his victory over the Saka in 56 B.C. A larger number of calendar systems of the ancient East appear in the Iron Age archaeological record, based on the Assyrian and Babylonian calendars.
It is named for Pope Gregory XIII, who issued the papal bull Inter gravissimas in 1582, announcing calendar reforms for all of Catholic Christendom. The Gregorian calendar modified the existing Julian calendar, which Julius Caesar had introduced to the ancient Roman Republic in 46 BCE.
Pope Gregory XIII invented the Gregorian calendar in 1582; most countries use it today. A more accurate calculation of leap years was one of the improvements of the Gregorian calendar over the Julian calendar.
In 1582, when Pope Gregory XIII introduced his Gregorian calendar, Europe adhered to the Julian calendar, first implemented by Julius Caesar in 46 B.C. Since the Roman emperor’s system...
The Latin word was by the 13th century adopted in Middle English as calender, while the spelling calendar (Early Modern English) appeared only centuries later. The first page of the papal bull "Inter Gravissimas" by which Pope Gregory XIII introduced his calendar.
In the mid-1st century bce Julius Caesar invited astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria to advise him about the reform of the calendar, and Sosigenes decided that the only practical step was to abandon the lunar calendar altogether.
When the Gregorian calendar firmly established January 1 as the beginning of its year, it was widely referred to as the New Style calendar, with the Julian the Old Style calendar. In Britain, under the Julian calendar, the year had first begun on December 25 and then, from the 14th century onward, on March 25.
Pope Gregory XIII issued a papal bull, "Inter Gravissimus" on February 24, 1582 that established the Gregorian calendar as the new and official calendar of the Catholic world. Since the Julian calendar had fallen ten days behind over the centuries, Pope Gregory XIII designated that October 4, 1582 would be officially followed by October 15, 1582.
Our modern calendar began with the Julian calendar that was introduced by the Roman Empire in 46 BC when Julius Caesar. Caesar ordered a new calendar to be developed that would unify the empire under one calendar and better follow the solar year.