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Old Spanish (roman, romançe, romaz; [3] Spanish: español medieval), also known as Old Castilian or Medieval Spanish, refers to the varieties of Ibero-Romance spoken predominantly in Castile and environs during the Middle Ages. The earliest, longest, and most famous literary composition in Old Spanish is the Cantar de mio Cid (c. 1140–1207).
Thus, some Latin American countries formerly under Spanish rule have retained the custom of calling it castellano, while others eventually switched to calling it español, with many different factors influencing the final choice. In English, the term Spanish relates both to the language and to the nation
The term Castilian Spanish is used in English for the specific varieties of Spanish spoken in north and central Spain. This is because much of the variation in Peninsular Spanish is between north and south, often imagined as Castilian versus Andalusian. [7]
While there is no broad consensus on how Latin American Spanish dialects should be classified, the following scheme which takes into account phonological, grammatical, socio-historical, and language contact data provides a reasonable approximation of Latin American dialect variation: [5] [6]
A general Latin American "standard" does, however, vary from the Castilian "standard" register used in television, music and, notably, in the dubbing industry. [1] Of the more than 498 million people who speak Spanish as their native language, more than 455 million are in Latin America , the United States and Canada , as of 2022. [ 2 ]
Based on that work, an abridged version was published in 1780, the full title of which was Diccionario de la lengua castellana compuesto por la Real Academia Española, reducido á un tomo para su más fácil uso (Dictionary of the Castilian tongue composed by the Royal Spanish Academy, reduced to one volume for its easier use).
Approximate area of Rioplatense Spanish (Patagonian variants included). Rioplatense Spanish (/ ˌ r iː oʊ p l ə ˈ t ɛ n s eɪ / REE-oh-plə-TEN-say, Spanish: [ri.oplaˈtense]), also known as Rioplatense Castilian, [4] or River Plate Spanish, [5] is a variety of Spanish [6] [7] [8] originating in and around the Río de la Plata Basin, and now spoken throughout most of Argentina and Uruguay ...
Spanish continues to be used by millions of citizens and immigrants to the United States from Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas (for example, many Cubans arrived in Miami, Florida, beginning with the Cuban Revolution in 1959, and followed by other Latin American groups; the local majority is now Spanish-speaking).