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Loosely speaking, a function is Riemann integrable if all Riemann sums converge as the partition "gets finer and finer". While not derived as a Riemann sum, taking the average of the left and right Riemann sums is the trapezoidal rule and gives a trapezoidal sum. It is one of the simplest of a very general way of approximating integrals using ...
Abel's summation formula can be generalized to the case where is only assumed to be continuous if the integral is interpreted as a Riemann–Stieltjes integral: ∑ x < n ≤ y a n ϕ ( n ) = A ( y ) ϕ ( y ) − A ( x ) ϕ ( x ) − ∫ x y A ( u ) d ϕ ( u ) . {\displaystyle \sum _{x<n\leq y}a_{n}\phi (n)=A(y)\phi (y)-A(x)\phi (x)-\int _{x ...
The Weyl tensor has the same basic symmetries as the Riemann tensor, but its 'analogue' of the Ricci tensor is zero: = = = = The Ricci tensor, the Einstein tensor, and the traceless Ricci tensor are symmetric 2-tensors:
One popular restriction is the use of "left-hand" and "right-hand" Riemann sums. In a left-hand Riemann sum, t i = x i for all i, and in a right-hand Riemann sum, t i = x i + 1 for all i. Alone this restriction does not impose a problem: we can refine any partition in a way that makes it a left-hand or right-hand sum by subdividing it at each t i.
Although the Riemann and Lebesgue integrals are the most widely used definitions of the integral, a number of others exist, including: The Darboux integral, which is defined by Darboux sums (restricted Riemann sums) yet is equivalent to the Riemann integral. A function is Darboux-integrable if and only if it is Riemann-integrable.
The main term on the left is Φ(1); which turns out to be the dominant terms of the prime number theorem, and the main correction is the sum over non-trivial zeros of the zeta function. (There is a minor technical problem in using this case, in that the function F does not satisfy the smoothness condition.)
The Riemann zeta function article includes a colour plot illustrating how the function varies over a continuous rectangular region of the complex plane. The successful characterisation of its non-trivial zeros in the wider plane is important in number theory, because of the Riemann hypothesis .
In mathematics, the Henstock–Kurzweil integral or generalized Riemann integral or gauge integral – also known as the (narrow) Denjoy integral (pronounced), Luzin integral or Perron integral, but not to be confused with the more general wide Denjoy integral – is one of a number of inequivalent definitions of the integral of a function.