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While base ten is normally used for scientific notation, powers of other bases can be used too, [25] base 2 being the next most commonly used one. For example, in base-2 scientific notation, the number 1001 b in binary (=9 d) is written as 1.001 b × 2 d 11 b or 1.001 b × 10 b 11 b using binary numbers (or shorter 1.001 × 10 11 if binary ...
10 −8 s: 10 nanoseconds, also a casual term for a short period of time. microsecond: 10 −6 s: One millionth of a second. Symbol is μs millisecond: 10 −3 s: One thousandth of a second. Shortest time unit used on stopwatches. jiffy (electronics) ~ 10 −3 s: Used to measure the time between alternating power cycles. Also a casual term for ...
There is no standard notation for tetration, though Knuth's up arrow notation and the left-exponent are common. Under the definition as repeated exponentiation, n a {\displaystyle {^{n}a}} means a a ⋅ ⋅ a {\displaystyle {a^{a^{\cdot ^{\cdot ^{a}}}}}} , where n copies of a are iterated via exponentiation, right-to-left, i.e. the application ...
Engineering notation or engineering form (also technical notation) is a version of scientific notation in which the exponent of ten is always selected to be divisible by three to match the common metric prefixes, i.e. scientific notation that aligns with powers of a thousand, for example, 531×10 3 instead of 5.31×10 5 (but on calculator displays written without the ×10 to save space).
Larger multiples of the second such as kiloseconds and megaseconds are occasionally encountered in scientific contexts, but are seldom used in common parlance. For long-scale scientific work, particularly in astronomy, the Julian year or annum (a) is a standardised variant of the year, equal to exactly 31 557 600 seconds (365 + 1 / 4 days).
Similarly, one can use a multiple of the basic measurement unit: 8.0 km is equivalent to 8.0 × 10 3 m. It indicates a margin of 0.05 km (50 m). However, reliance on this convention can lead to false precision errors when accepting data from sources that do not obey it. For example, a source reporting a number like 153,753 with precision ...
For a number written in scientific notation, this logarithmic rounding scale requires rounding up to the next power of ten when the multiplier is greater than the square root of ten (about 3.162). For example, the nearest order of magnitude for 1.7 × 10 8 is 8, whereas the nearest order of magnitude for 3.7 × 10 8 is 9.
Random variables are usually written in upper case Roman letters, such as or and so on. Random variables, in this context, usually refer to something in words, such as "the height of a subject" for a continuous variable, or "the number of cars in the school car park" for a discrete variable, or "the colour of the next bicycle" for a categorical variable.