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Distributed temperature sensing systems (DTS) are optoelectronic devices which measure temperatures by means of optical fibres functioning as linear sensors. Temperatures are recorded along the optical sensor cable, thus not at points, but as a continuous profile. A high accuracy of temperature determination is achieved over great distances.
Eventually they require correction to remain accurate. The rate of drift depends on the clock's quality, sometimes the stability of the power source, the ambient temperature, and other subtle environmental variables. Thus the same clock can have different drift rates at different occasions.
Clock synchronization is a topic in computer science and engineering that aims to coordinate otherwise independent clocks.Even when initially set accurately, real clocks will differ after some amount of time due to clock drift, caused by clocks counting time at slightly different rates.
Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), are sensors used to measure temperature. Many RTD elements consist of a length of fine wire wrapped around a heat-resistant ceramic or glass core but other constructions are also used.
[8] [9] The fiber-optic sensor is well suited for this environment as it functions at temperatures too high for semiconductor sensors (distributed temperature sensing). Optical fibers can be made into interferometric sensors such as fiber-optic gyroscopes , which are used in the Boeing 767 and in some car models (for navigation purposes).
Distributed fiber-optic sensing technology can be used for leak detection through DAS and DTS. [26] AP Sensing has a regional office in Bahrain , and operates throughout the Middle East . [ 27 ] Their Distributed Fibre Optic Sensing is designed to monitor pipeline leaks, and is used by the Kuwait Oil Company and the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company .
class 3.2 Partly temperature-controlled locations: usually 25 years −25 °C: 55 °C: class 3.3 Not temperature-controlled locations: usually 25 years −40 °C: 70 °C: class 3.4 Sites with heat-trap: usually 25 years −40 °C: 40 °C: class 3.5 Sheltered locations, Direct solar radiation: usually 25 years
Standard North American installation of a combination hot box / dragging equipment detector. A defect detector is a device used on railroads to detect axle and signal problems in passing trains.