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The Balkans theatre or Balkan campaign was a theatre of World War I fought between the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany and the Ottoman Empire) and the Allies (Serbia, Montenegro, France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, and later, Greece). The offensive began in 1914 with three failed Austro-Hungarian offensives into Serbia.
The Bosnian Crisis, also known as the Annexation Crisis (German: Bosnische Annexionskrise, Turkish: Bosna Krizi; Serbo-Croatian: Aneksiona kriza, Анексиона криза) or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted on 5 October 1908 [1] when Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, [a] territories formerly within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire but under Austro ...
Danish cartoon shows Balkan states attacking the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War, October 1912 The Treaty of London ended the First Balkan War on 30 May 1913. All Ottoman territory west of the Enez - Kıyıköy line was ceded to the Balkan League, according to the status quo at the time of the armistice.
Middle Eastern theatre of World War I; Part of World War I: From left to right: The Ottoman Shaykh al-Islām who declared Jihad against the Entente Powers; Burning oil tanks in the port of Novorossiysk after the Ottoman Empire's strike on Russian ports; Fifth Army during the Gallipoli Campaign; Third Army on the Caucasus campaign; The heliograph team of the Ottoman army in the Sinai and ...
German troops cross into East Africa Protectorate and occupy Taveta. August 15 – 24 Balkan, Serbian: The Serbs defeat the Austro-Hungarians at the Battle of Cer. [28] August 17 Eastern: Battle of Stallupönen. The Russian army enters East Prussia. August 20 Eastern: The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia at the Battle of Gumbinnen ...
Balkan Studies 3.2 (1962): 327–374. online; Farrar Jr, Lancelot L. (2003) "Aggression versus apathy: the limits of nationalism during the Balkan wars, 1912–1913." East European Quarterly 37.3 (2003): 257. Ginio, Eyal. The Ottoman Culture of Defeat: The Balkan Wars and their Aftermath (Oxford UP, 2016) 377 pp. online review
Illustration from the French magazine Le Petit Journal on the Bosnian Crisis. Bulgaria declares its independence and its prince Ferdinand is named Tsar. Austria-Hungary, in the person of Emperor Francis Joseph , annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II looks on helplessly.
The July Crisis [b] was a series of interrelated diplomatic and military escalations among the major powers of Europe in the summer of 1914, which led to the outbreak of World War I.