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Programming language evolution continues, and more programming paradigms are used in production. Some of the trends have included: Increasing support for functional programming in mainstream languages used commercially, including purely functional programming for making code easier to reason about and to parallelize (at both micro- and macro ...
Alan Turing, English computer scientist, mathematician, logician, and cryptanalyst. (circa 1930) Before the 1920s, computers (sometimes computors) were human clerks that performed computations. They were usually under the lead of a physicist. Many thousands of computers were employed in commerce, government, and research establishments.
Alan Turing is credited with being the first person to come up with a theory for software in 1935, which led to the two academic fields of computer science and software engineering. The first generation of software for early stored-program digital computers in the late 1940s had its instructions written directly in binary code , generally ...
Computer programming or coding is the composition of sequences of instructions, called programs, that computers can follow to perform tasks. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It involves designing and implementing algorithms , step-by-step specifications of procedures, by writing code in one or more programming languages .
Programming language theory (PLT) is a branch of computer science that deals with the design, implementation, analysis, characterization, and classification of formal languages known as programming languages. Programming language theory is closely related to other fields including mathematics, software engineering, and linguistics.
Apple Computer: Applesoft II BASIC 1980 Apple III Microsoft BASIC: Microsoft Microsoft BASIC 1980–81 CBASIC: Gordon Eubanks: BASIC, Compiler Systems, Digital Research 1980 Smalltalk-80 Adele Goldberg at Xerox PARC: Smalltalk-76 1981 TI Extended BASIC: Texas Instruments: TI BASIC (TI 99/4A) 1981 BBC BASIC: Acorn Computers, Sophie Wilson: BASIC ...
Eventually, the concept of numbers became concrete and familiar enough for counting to arise, at times with sing-song mnemonics to teach sequences to others. All known human languages, except the Piraha language, have words for at least the numerals "one" and "two", and even some animals like the blackbird can distinguish a surprising number of items.
Developed Chomsky hierarchy, directly impacting programming language theory and other branches of computer science. 1936 Church, Alonzo: Made fundamental contributions to theoretical computer science, specifically in the development of computability theory in the form of lambda calculus.