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The war would be won by the side that was able to commit the last reserves to the Western Front. Trench warfare prevailed on the Western Front until the Germans launched their Spring Offensive on 21 March 1918. [25] Trench warfare also took place on other fronts, including in Italy and at Gallipoli. Armies were also limited by logistics.
Gallipoli campaign; Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of the First World War: A collection of photographs from the campaign. From top and left to right: Ottoman commanders including Mustafa Kemal (fourth from left); Entente warships; V Beach from the deck of SS River Clyde; Ottoman soldiers in a trench; and Entente positions
Also, an enemy that has entered a trench is unable to fire down the length at the defenders, or otherwise enfilade the trench. A traverse trench is a trench dug perpendicular to a trench line, but extending away from the enemy. It has two functions. One function is to provide an entry into the main trench.
The Battle of Cantigny, fought May 28, 1918, [4] was the first major American battle and offensive of World War I. [5] The U.S. 1st Division, the most experienced of the five American divisions then in France and in reserve for the French Army near the village of Cantigny, was selected for the attack.
World War I was the first war to see major use of planes for offensive, defensive and reconnaissance operations, and both the Entente Powers and the Central Powers used planes extensively. Almost as soon as they were invented, planes were drafted for military service. Battles: 1914 in aviation. Raid on Cuxhaven
The development of trench warfare demonstrated the need for a wider variety of artillery, which mostly entered service in 1916 and 1917. Much of this artillery was kept in service and used against German forces in the Battle of France in 1940 during World War II. [8] France did not develop heavy field artillery prior to World War I.
The United States campaigns in World War I began after American entry in the war in early April 1917. The American Expeditionary Force (AEF) served on the Western Front, under General John J. Pershing, and engaged in 13 official military campaigns between 1917 and 1918, for which campaign streamers were designated.
A party returned from raiding a German trench. Two of the men wear Pickelhaube, trophies from the raid. Trench raiding was a feature of trench warfare which developed during World War I. It was the practice of making small scale night-time surprise attacks on enemy positions.