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Sheller and Urry (2006, 215) place mobilities in the sociological tradition by defining the primordial theorist of mobilities as Georg Simmel (1858–1918). Simmel's essays, "Bridge and Door" (Simmel, 1909 / 1994) and "The Metropolis and Mental Life" (Simmel, 1903 / 2001) identify a uniquely human will to connection, as well as the urban demands of tempo and precision that are satisfied with ...
Illustration from a 1916 advertisement for a vocational school in the back of a US magazine. Education has been seen as a key to social mobility and the advertisement appealed to Americans' belief in the possibility of self-betterment as well as threatening the consequences of downward mobility in the great income inequality existing during the Industrial Revolution.
[4] [5] Further studies indicate the worldwide spread and percentage growth of Islam, may be attributed to high birth rates followed by a trend of worldwide adoption and conversion to Islam. [3] [6] Most Muslims fall under either of two main branches: Sunni (87–90%, roughly 1.7 billion people) [7] or; Shia (10–13%, roughly 180–230 million ...
Islam [a] is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. [9] Adherents of Islam are called Muslims, who are estimated to number approximately 1.9 billion worldwide and are the world's second-largest religious population after Christians.
J. Spencer Trimingham, History of Islam in West Africa. Oxford University Press, 1962. Nehemia Levtzion and Randall L. Pouwels (eds). The History of Islam in Africa. Ohio University Press, 2000. David Robinson. Muslim Societies in African History. Cambridge University Press, 2004. Bruce S. Hall, A History of Race in Muslim West Africa, 1600-1960.
Islamic architecture comprises the architectural styles of buildings associated with Islam. It encompasses both secular and religious styles from the early history of Islam to the present day. The Islamic world encompasses a wide geographic area historically ranging from western Africa and Europe to eastern Asia.
Image credits: Old-time Photos "My generation (Generation X) came along, and we had 'real' cameras and developed prints, but also lived the transition to digital," Ed continued.
Sponsored mobility refers to a system of social mobility where elite individuals in society select (either directly or through agents) recruits to induct into high status groups.