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US annual real GDP from 1910 to 1960, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–1939) highlighted Unemployment rate in the US 1910–60, with the years of the Great Depression (1929–39) highlighted; accurate data begins in 1939, represented by a blue line. The Depression caused major political changes in America.
The Great Depression was a severe global economic downturn from 1929 to 1939. The period was characterized by high rates of unemployment and poverty ; drastic reductions in liquidity , industrial production, and trade; and widespread bank and business failures around the world.
Imports during 1929 were only 4.2% of the US GNP, and exports were only 5.0%. Monetarists, such as Milton Friedman, who emphasized the central role of the money supply in causing the depression, considered the Smoot–Hawley Act to be only a minor cause for the Great Depression in the United States. [32]
The Dow Jones Industrial Average, 1928–1930. The "Roaring Twenties", the decade following World War I that led to the crash, [4] was a time of wealth and excess.Building on post-war optimism, rural Americans migrated to the cities in vast numbers throughout the decade with hopes of finding a more prosperous life in the ever-growing expansion of America's industrial sector.
Essays on the Great Depression (2000) Bernstein, Michael A. The Great Depression: Delayed Recovery and Economic Change in America, 1929–1939 (1989) focus on low-growth and high-growth industries; Bordo, Michael D., Claudia Goldin, and Eugene N. White, eds. The Defining Moment: The Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth ...
Golden Fetters: The gold standard and the Great Depression, 1919–1939. 1992. Feinstein. Charles H. The European Economy between the Wars (1997) Garraty, John A. The Great Depression: An Inquiry into the causes, course, and Consequences of the Worldwide Depression of the Nineteen-Thirties, as Seen by Contemporaries and in Light of History (1986)
In Freedom from Fear, the Wall Street crash of 1929 marked the Great Depression's beginning [34] but did not cause it, as according to Kennedy international economic conditions were more responsible for the economic depression. [23] Kennedy's depiction of United States president Herbert Hoover's handling of the early depression is sympathetic. [35]
Middletown: A Study in American Culture was primarily a look at changes in the white population of a typical American city between 1890 and 1925, a period of great economic change. The Lynds used the "approach of the cultural anthropologist " (see field research and social anthropology ), existing documents, statistics, old newspapers ...