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Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur–Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore through conversion to a water-soluble coordination complex. It is the most commonly used leaching process for gold extraction. [1]
Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from recycling. [2] Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution.
Leaching is a process widely used in extractive metallurgy where ore is treated with chemicals to convert the valuable metals within the ore, into soluble salts while the impurity remains insoluble. These can then be washed out and processed to give the pure metal; the materials left over are commonly known as tailings .
Leaching is the process of a solute becoming detached or extracted from its carrier substance by way of a solvent. [ 1 ] Leaching is a naturally occurring process which scientists have adapted for a variety of applications with a variety of methods.
After leaching, the leach liquor must normally undergo concentration of the metal ions that are to be recovered. Additionally, undesirable metal ions sometimes require removal. [1] Precipitation is the selective removal of a compound of the targeted metal or removal of a major impurity by precipitation of one of its compounds.
Gold heap leaching. Heap leaching is an industrial mining process used to extract precious metals, copper, uranium, and other compounds from ore using a series of chemical reactions that absorb specific minerals and re-separate them after their division from other earth materials.
A lixiviant is a chemical used in hydrometallurgy to extract elements from its ore. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] One of the most famous lixiviants is cyanide , which is used in extracting 90% of mined gold . The combination of cyanide and air converts gold particles into a soluble salt.
In electrowinning, an electrical current is passed from an inert anode through a leach solution containing the dissolved metal ions so that the metal is recovered as it is reduced and deposited in an electroplating process onto the cathode. In electrorefining, the anode consists of the impure metal (e.g., copper) to be refined. The impure ...