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Napoleon placed the crown on his head himself, spurning the pope's intent to do so. The painting by Jacques-Louise David titled The Coronation of Napoleon depicts the seated pope at the ceremony as Napoleon crowns his wife. Although the pope and the papacy were promised rich gifts and donations, Pius initially refused most of these offers.
Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St. Peter's Basilica (their names in Latin and the year of their burial). This chronological list of popes of the Catholic Church corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici Romani" (The Roman Supreme Pontiffs), excluding those that are explicitly indicated as antipopes.
Dazzled by Napoleon's campaign in the Middle East, the public received him with an ardor that convinced Sieyès he had found the general indispensable to his planned coup; [2] however, from the moment of his return, Napoleon plotted a coup within the coup, ultimately gaining power for himself rather than Sieyès. Probably the weightiest ...
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone di Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military officer and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of successful campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Quum memoranda (Latin, "on [that] memorable [day]...") was a papal brief issued by Pope Pius VII in 1809. It was a response to a decree issued by Emperor Napoleon, on 17 May 1809, which incorporated the remnants of the Papal States into the French Empire, during the Napoleonic Wars.
Napoleon's was a sacred ceremony held in the great cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris in the presence of Pope Pius VII. Napoleon brought together various rites and customs, incorporating ceremonies of Carolingian tradition, the ancien régime, and the French Revolution, all presented in sumptuous luxury. [3]
Rome was plagued by endemic power struggles. Pope Eugene III had to resort to force, and thus to Emperor Frederick Barbarossa. At Konstanz in 1153, the two men signed an agreement. In exchange for the Pope's reconquest of the Papal States, he agreed to crown Barbarossa emperor. Rome was recaptured in 1155.
To Kidnap a Pope: Napoleon and Pius VII. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300251333; Hales, E. E. Y. "Napoleon's duel with the Pope" History Today (May 1958) 8#5 pp 328–33. Hales, E. E. Y. The Emperor and the Pope: The Story of Napoleon and Pius VII (1961) online Archived 7 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine