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  2. Mark (currency) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_(currency)

    It was a measure of weight mainly for gold and silver, commonly used throughout Europe and often equivalent to 8 troy ounces (250 g). Considerable variations, however, occurred throughout the Middle Ages. [2] As of 2022 the only circulating currency named "mark" is the Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark.

  3. Merchant's mark - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merchant's_mark

    One such symbol combined the mystical "Sign of Four" with the merchant's name or initials. The "Sign of Four" [ 8 ] was an outgrowth of an ancient symbol adopted by the Romans and by Christianity, Chi Rho (XP), standing for the first two letters of Christus in Greek letters; this was simplified to a reversed "4" in Medieval times.

  4. Carolingian monetary system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolingian_monetary_system

    Carolingian denarius (Denier) The Carolingian monetary system, also called the Carolingian coinage system [1] or just the Carolingian system, [2] was a currency structure introduced by Charlemagne in the late 8th century as part of a major reform, the effects of which subsequently dominated much of Europe, including Britain, for centuries.

  5. Coins of the pound sterling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coins_of_the_pound_sterling

    For the Tudors and the Stuarts up to and including Charles II, [52] [53] both left- and right-facing portrait images were minted within the reign of a single monarch (left-facing images were more common), together with equestrian portraits on certain coins and (earlier) full face portrait images. [50] In the Middle Ages, portrait images tended ...

  6. History of the English penny (c. 600 – 1066) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_English...

    Frankish coins played an increasingly important role as currency in England as the 6th century went on, and the earliest Anglo-Saxon gold tremisses (sometimes referred to by numismatists as thrymsas) were struck to circulate alongside these Frankish issues: all of the forty gold tremisses found in the burial at 'mound one' at Sutton Hoo ...

  7. England in the Middle Ages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England_in_the_Middle_Ages

    England in the Middle Ages concerns the history of England during the medieval period, from the end of the 5th century through to the start of the early modern period in 1485. When England emerged from the collapse of the Roman Empire, the economy was in tatters and many of the towns abandoned. After several centuries of Germanic immigration ...

  8. AOL Mail

    mail.aol.com

    Get AOL Mail for FREE! Manage your email like never before with travel, photo & document views. Personalize your inbox with themes & tabs. You've Got Mail!

  9. National symbols of England - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_symbols_of_England

    The Barbary lion is an unofficial national animal of England. In the Middle Ages, the lions kept in the menagerie at the Tower of London were Barbary lions. [6] English medieval warrior rulers with a reputation for bravery attracted the nickname "the Lion": the most famous example is Richard I of England, known as Richard the Lionheart. [7]