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In physical chemistry, supersaturation occurs with a solution when the concentration of a solute exceeds the concentration specified by the value of solubility at equilibrium. Most commonly the term is applied to a solution of a solid in a liquid , but it can also be applied to liquids and gases dissolved in a liquid.
Köhler curves showing how the critical diameter and supersaturation are dependent upon the amount of solute. It's assumed here that the solute is a perfect sphere of sodium chloride with a dry diameter Dp. Köhler theory describes the vapor pressure of aqueous aerosol particles in thermodynamic equilibrium with a humid atmosphere.
Supersaturation of more than 1–2% relative to water is rarely seen in the atmosphere, since cloud condensation nuclei are usually present. [27] Much higher degrees of supersaturation are possible in clean air, and are the basis of the cloud chamber. There are no instruments to take measurements of supersaturation in clouds. [28]
Atmospheric thermodynamics is the study of heat-to-work transformations (and their reverse) that take place in the Earth's atmosphere and manifest as weather or climate. . Atmospheric thermodynamics use the laws of classical thermodynamics, to describe and explain such phenomena as the properties of moist air, the formation of clouds, atmospheric convection, boundary layer meteorology, and ...
The dew point of a given body of air is the temperature to which it must be cooled to become saturated with water vapor. This temperature depends on the pressure and water content of the air.
Oxygen saturation, a clinical measure of the amount of oxygen in a patient's blood; Saturation pollination, a pollination technique; Saturated mutagenesis, a form of site-directed mutagenesis
A condition known as supersaturation may develop. Supersaturation by gas may be defined as a sum of all partial pressures of gases dissolved in the liquid which exceeds the ambient pressure in the liquid. [19] The gas will not necessarily form bubbles in the solvent at this stage, but supersaturation is necessary for bubble growth. [3]
Also actiniform. Describing a collection of low-lying, radially structured clouds with distinct shapes (resembling leaves or wheels in satellite imagery), and typically organized in extensive mesoscale fields over marine environments. They are closely related to and sometimes considered a variant of stratocumulus clouds. actinometer A scientific instrument used to measure the heating power of ...