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These methods are often more time-consuming than entering the values into a VCF calculator; however, due to the variance in methodology and computation of constants, the tables published by the American Petroleum Institute are preferred when dealing with the purchase and sale of crude oil and residual fuels.
There are advantages to field testing and on-board conversion of measured volumes to volume correction. This method is detailed in ASTM D287. [4] The hydrometer method is a standard technique for directly measuring API gravity of petroleum and petroleum products. [5]
ASTM method D4007 [2] or API Manual of Petroleum Measurement Standards chapter 10.4 [3] are commonly used to measure BS&W. These methods both consist of mixing equal volumes of solvent and crude oil then centrifuging in order to separate any solids, free water, or suspended particles.
FPIT – free-point indicator tool; FPL – flow analysis log; FPLP – freshman petroleum learning program (Penn State) [citation needed] FPLAN – field plan log; FPS – field production system; FPO – floating production and offloading – vessel with no or very limited (process only) on-board produced fluid storage capacity.
ASTM D5949, Standard Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products (Automatic Pressure Pulsing Method) is an alternative to the manual test procedure. It uses automatic apparatus and yields pour point results in a format similar to the manual method (ASTM D97) when reporting at a 3 °C.
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ASTM D20-03(2014) Standard Test Method for Distillation of Road Tars D1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced Pressure ASTM Distillation is a subset of the standards set by the standards organization ASTM International , a voluntary standards development organizations that sets technical standards for materials ...
ASTM D5773, Standard Test Method of Cloud Point of Petroleum Products (Constant Cooling Rate Method) is an alternative to the manual test procedure. It uses automatic apparatus and has been found to be equivalent to test method D2500. [4] The D5773 test method determines the cloud point in a shorter period of time than manual method D2500.