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An example of positive feedback is when a microphone picks up the sound that it is producing through a speaker, which is then played through the speaker, and so on. In addition to feedback, cybernetics is concerned with other forms of circular processes including: feedforward, recursion, and reflexivity.
A cybernetician or a cyberneticist is a person who applies cybernetics. Heinz von Foerster once told Stuart Umpleby that Norbert Wiener preferred the term "cybernetician" rather than "cyberneticist", perhaps because Wiener was a mathematician rather than a physicist.
The viable system model (VSM) by Stafford Beer. Management cybernetics is concerned with the application of cybernetics to management and organizations. "Management cybernetics" was first introduced by Stafford Beer in the late 1950s [1] and introduces the various mechanisms of self-regulation applied by and to organizational settings, as seen through a cybernetics perspective.
Karl Ulrich Smith (born 1 May 1907 in Zanesville, Ohio, d. 22 June 1994 in Lake Wales, Florida) was an American physiologist, psychologist and behavioral cybernetician. [ 1 ] He dealt among others with the interaction between humans and technology and played a crucial role in the development of human factors which deals with the safe and humane ...
Some see the definition of third and higher orders of cybernetics as a next step in the development of the discipline, but this has not won widespread acceptance. Attempts to define a third order of cybernetics have been concerned with embedding the participant observer of second-order cybernetics explicitly within broader social and/or ...
Bradford Keeney was born in Granite City, Illinois, and grew up in Smithville, Missouri. [5] In May 1969, he won a merit award from the American Medical Association, [6] and later first place at the international science fair with a project called “An Experimental Study of the Effects of Hydrocortisone, Insulin, and Epinephrine on the Glycogen Content of Hepatic Tissues Perfused in Vitro ...
Medical cybernetics is a branch of cybernetics which has been heavily affected by the development of the computer, [1] which applies the concepts of cybernetics to medical research and practice.
The cybernetician Heinz von Foerster formulated the principle of "order from noise" in 1960. [3] [4] It notes that self-organization is facilitated by random perturbations ("noise") that let the system explore a variety of states in its state space. This increases the chance that the system will arrive into the basin of a "strong" or "deep ...