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Cysteine (symbol Cys or C; [5] / ˈ s ɪ s t ɪ iː n /) [6] is a semiessential [7] proteinogenic amino acid with the formula HOOC−CH(−NH 2)−CH 2 −SH. The thiol side chain in cysteine enables the formation of disulfide bonds, and often participates in enzymatic reactions as a nucleophile. Cysteine is chiral, but both D and L-cysteine ...
Chemical formula: C 3 H 7 N O 2 S Molar mass: 121.16 g·mol −1 Systematic name: (2R)-2-amino-3-sulfanyl-propanoic acid Abbreviations: C, Cys Synonyms: 2-amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid 2-amino-3-mercaptopropionic acid 2-amino-3-sulfanylpropanoic acid 3-mercaptoalanine AIDS{-}160777 CHEBI:15356 CHEMBANK2703 NSC 63864 NSC647530 NSC8746 Zystein
Cystine is the oxidized derivative of the amino acid cysteine and has the formula (SCH 2 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H) 2.It is a white solid that is poorly soluble in water. As a residue in proteins, cystine serves two functions: a site of redox reactions and a mechanical linkage that allows proteins to retain their three-dimensional structure.
Cysteamine is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH 2 CH 2 NH 2.A white, water-soluble solid, it contains both an amine and a thiol functional groups. It is often used as salts of the ammonium derivative [HSCH 2 CH 2 NH 3] + [12] including the hydrochloride, phosphocysteamine, and the bitartrate. [13]
It is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine, differing by an additional methylene bridge (-CH 2-). It is biosynthesized from methionine by the removal of its terminal C ε methyl group . In the body, homocysteine can be recycled into methionine or converted into cysteine with the aid of vitamin B 6 , B 9 , and B 12 .
Selenocysteine (symbol Sec or U, [4] in older publications also as Se-Cys) [5] is the 21st proteinogenic amino acid. Selenoproteins contain selenocysteine residues. Selenocysteine is an analogue of the more common cysteine with selenium in place of the sulfur.
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Cysteic acid also known as 3-sulfo-l-alanine is the organic compound with the formula HO 3 SCH 2 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H. It is often referred to as cysteate, which near neutral pH takes the form − O 3 SCH 2 CH(NH 3 +)CO 2 −. It is an amino acid generated by oxidation of cysteine, whereby a thiol group is fully oxidized to a sulfonic acid/sulfonate ...