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Panorama of amphitheatre in Salona. Diocletian was born in Dalmatia, probably at or near the town of Salona (modern Solin, Croatia), to which he retired later in life.His original name was Diocles (in full, Gaius Valerius Diocles), [4] possibly derived from Dioclea, the name of both his mother and her supposed place of birth. [5]
During the administrative reforms of Diocletian (284-305), the Diocese of Moesia was created, encompassing most of the central Balkans and the Greek peninsula. Later, however, probably in the time of Constantine the Great (306-337) the diocese was split in two, forming the Diocese of Macedonia in the south and the Diocese of Dacia, in the north.
As a result, Armenia became more closely aligned with the Roman Empire and was attacked and at times occupied by the Sasanians. [3] A period of Sasanian occupation ended with the restoration of the Arsacid Trdat III (who later converted to Christianity) to the throne of Greater Armenia during the reign of Diocletian (r. 284–305).
The province of Praevalitana was established during the reign of Emperor Diocletian (r. 284–305) from the southeastern corner of the former province of Dalmatia and became part of the Diocese of Moesia (290–357), one of 12 dioceses created by Diocletian within his tetrarchy. [3]
R. Grousset, History of Armenia from its origins to 1071, Paris Payot, 1947 (reprinted again in 1984, 1995 & 2008) M.L. Chaumont, Armenia between Rome and Iran I: the advent of Augustus to the accession of Diocletian from Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt II, 1976; G. Dedeyan, History of the Armenian people, Privat Toulouse, 2007
Eutropius and Theophanes the Confessor have recorded versions of a celebrated story regarding a public humiliation of Galerius by Diocletian, [7] though the latter retained Galerius in command. [8] Diocletian later sent reinforcements for Galerius, and the latter managed to defeat the Sassanids two years later at the Battle of Satala.
The 5th-century Armenian historian Agathangelos wrote that the young and beautiful Hripsime who at the time was a Christian nun in Rome, was to be forcefully married to the Roman emperor Diocletian. She and the abbess Gayane among other nuns fled the tyrant emperor and left to Armenia.
Orodes of Armenia (flourished 1st century) was a Parthian prince who served as a Roman client king of Armenia in 35 and from again 37 until 42. Orodes was the second born son of King Artabanus II of Parthia by a wife whose name is unknown. He was born and raised in the Parthian empire.